field
quantum computing
algorithms, simulation, error correction and the software stacks, not the hardware.
Notes 1
Surface Code Decoding: Which Algorithm Achieves Lowest Logical Error Rate Under Circuit-Level Noise?
No single decoder achieves the lowest logical error rate across all code distances and noise models. Under circuit-level noise, neural-network decoders can outperform minimum-weight perfect matching (MWPM) by approximately 25% on experimental data, and the Sparse Mamba Decoder (SMD) reduces MWPM error rates by up to 49% at d ≤ 5. Weighted matching on the toric code achieves a higher threshold (0.72%) than weighted union-find (0.62%), but union-find with weighting improves its threshold from 0.38% to 0.62%. The best choice depends on code distance, noise characteristics, and latency constraints.